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Voltaire quotes

5 quotations, each verified against its source and credited to the work it comes from — the wording as Voltaire wrote or said it, not as the internet passes it around.

Illustrated portrait of Voltaire

How these quotes were checked

How we decide whether a quote is genuine

Voltaire wrote tens of thousands of pages, which somehow was not enough: the most famous sentence attached to his name was written by someone else, a hundred and twenty-eight years after he died. A line enters this collection only when its wording is verified against his works and correspondence in their collected editions, French or English.

The great case is documented below.

Four famous Hemingway quotes, fact-checked

A sentence linked to Hemingway may be exact, shortened, remembered by someone else, or unsupported. Each label below explains what the available evidence actually proves.

Misattributed

I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

The sentence was written by Evelyn Beatrice Hall in her 1906 book The Friends of Voltaire — as her own summary of Voltaire's attitude in the Helvétius affair, not as a quotation. Hall said so herself when asked. It has been the world's favorite Voltaire quote ever since, and he never wrote it; modern Voltaire collections print it mainly to debunk it.

  • Garson O'Toole, I Disapprove of What You Say, But I Will Defend to the Death Your Right to Say It (2015)
I know also, said Candide, that we must cultivate our garden.

Je sais aussi, dit Candide, qu'il faut cultiver notre jardin.

Candide (dialogue) · Voltaire, Candide (1759), the closing exchange
If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.

Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer.

Voltaire, “Épître à l'auteur du livre des Trois imposteurs” (1768)
Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is an absurd one.
Voltaire, letter to Frederick William, Prince of Prussia, 28 November 1770
Common sense is very rare.

Le sens commun est fort rare.

Voltaire, “Sens commun,” Dictionnaire philosophique (1764)
Écrasez l'infâme.
Voltaire, the closing formula of his letters from the 1760s

Questions about Voltaire quotes

Did Voltaire say “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”?

No. Evelyn Beatrice Hall wrote the sentence in 1906 in The Friends of Voltaire, summarizing his attitude in her own words, and later confirmed the phrasing was hers. Voltaire's documented views on tolerance are real; this sentence is not his.

What does “il faut cultiver notre jardin” mean?

“We must cultivate our garden” — the closing reply of Candide, the fictional hero of Voltaire's 1759 tale of the same name, setting patient, concrete work against the systems of his tutor Pangloss. It is the book's last word and Voltaire's most quoted line of fiction.

Did Voltaire say “if God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him”?

Yes — “Si Dieu n'existait pas, il faudrait l'inventer,” from his 1768 verse epistle answering an atheist tract. In its poem the line argues for belief's usefulness, not against belief.

What did Voltaire say about doubt and certainty?

In a 1770 letter to Frederick William, Prince of Prussia: “Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is an absurd one.”

What does “Écrasez l'infâme” mean?

“Crush the infamous thing” — Voltaire's battle-cry against religious persecution and fanaticism, used as the sign-off of his campaign letters through the 1760s and often abbreviated to “Écr. l'inf.”

Did Voltaire say “common sense is not so common”?

That is a loose rendering of a real sentence: “Le sens commun est fort rare” — common sense is very rare — from the “Sens commun” entry of his Philosophical Dictionary (1764).

References

References

The sources below are the editions, archives, and full-text searches used to verify the quotations on this page. Every line was checked against one or more of them before it appeared here.

  1. 1Candide

    Novel
    Project Gutenberg ebooks #19942 (English) and #4650 (French), 1759
    Used for

    Primary text included as part of the documented record for Voltaire.

    View source
  2. 2I Disapprove of What You Say, But I Will Defend to the Death Your Right to Say It

    Website
    Quote Investigator, 1 June 2015, 2015
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Voltaire page.

    View source
i
Why these sources are here

Verification is the point of this collection: a quotation is listed only when its wording has been checked against the sources above, and the attribution notes record what each check found about the famous lines that failed.

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