The Paris AtlasCharting the artists, works, and places worth returning to.
Cover of Amerika by Franz Kafka

Amerika

The Missing Person

by Franz Kafka

A young migrant looks for steady work in an America where each welcome can become another form of dependence.

Published
1927
Pages
336
Era
Shelf rating
4.5

About Franz Kafka

Illustrated portrait of Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka

4 books shelved

The story, briefly

Spoiler-free

Karl Rossmann, a German-speaking teenager from Prague, arrives in New York after his parents send him away. A wealthy uncle initially offers protection, but that refuge disappears. Kafka’s first novel follows Karl through encounters with traveling companions, hotel employers and a theater recruiting workers, in an imagined America he tries repeatedly to understand.

The story, in more detail

Karl’s arrival begins with a forgotten umbrella and an encounter with a ship’s stoker. He takes up the worker’s complaint against a superior, believing he can persuade the officers to listen. The unexpected appearance of his uncle changes Karl’s prospects before the dispute is settled.

The new country is full of movement, noise and impressive equipment. Streets, offices and hotels promise opportunity, but the rules governing entry and advancement keep slipping beyond Karl’s grasp. His wish to learn does not protect him from people who can reinterpret what he does.

Karl wants useful work and a secure place to live. He also wants his conduct understood fairly, which becomes harder whenever he must depend on someone else. Even those who offer help can expect obedience in return or accept accusations he believes he can answer.

A succession of offers and exclusions

What happens, beginning to end — the ending included. Open when you're ready.

Karl’s uncle welcomes him into a prosperous New York household and provides lessons. After Karl visits the country home of the uncle’s associate Pollunder, a letter cuts him off. The punishment follows a visit for which permission had seemed to be given, leaving Karl to dispute how the decision was made.

On the road, Karl quarrels with Delamarche and Robinson after they open his suitcase. His parents’ photograph goes missing. At the Hotel Occidental, head cook Grete Mitzelbach offers him work as an elevator boy, but a drunken visit from Robinson puts that position at risk.

Karl leaves his post briefly to get Robinson into a bed. He has arranged informal cover but has not obtained the required permission. Dismissal follows an inquiry that expands into unsupported accusations. Later, Delamarche shelters him from police pursuit, then prevents him from leaving the household he shares with Brunelda.

How it ends — spoilers aheadThe final movement, ending included. Open when you're ready.

In the later theater chapter, Karl answers an advertisement promising to accept everyone. After passing through several recruitment offices, he is taken on for technical work. He meets Giacomo, a former hotel colleague, and the two travel together by train toward Oklahoma.

The journey offers a new sense of possibility, but the surviving passage does not show their arrival or establish Karl’s future. Kafka left the novel unfinished. The theater episode and separate fragments do not provide a continuous, completed account of how every earlier situation is resolved.

Quotes from Amerika

Quoted verbatim from the text, each line verified against its source.

It is impossible to defend oneself when there is no goodwill.

Es ist unmöglich, sich zu verteidigen, wenn nicht guter Wille da ist

Franz Kafka, Amerika, The Robinson Affair; English translation by The Paris Atlas
Everyone is welcome!

Jeder ist willkommen!

Franz Kafka, Amerika, The Nature Theater of Oklahoma; English translation by The Paris Atlas

Why we recommend it

  1. Watch a hopeful worker try to begin again

    Karl repeatedly looks for a position in which effort will lead to recognition. Each fresh start tests that belief under a different employer or protector.

  2. Compare help with the obligations it creates

    The uncle, the head cook and Delamarche offer very different kinds of assistance. Following what each expects in return makes Karl’s dependence concrete.

  3. Read the theater’s promise carefully

    The advertisement welcomes everyone but says nothing about wages. Karl is encouraged to apply, although the recruiters still sort applicants into official categories. Hope and uncertainty remain present together.

What this book explores

The people in its pages

Karl’s six readings contain spoilers and cite printed page numbers in DigBib.Org’s German PDF. The guide follows Karl through the novel. The portrait is an original fictional interpretation.

  • Illustrated portrait of Karl Rossmann

    Karl Rossmann

    The fictional teenage migrant from Prague who seeks work, recognition and a place he can keep.

Timeline

  1. 1912–1914

    Kafka writes most of the surviving novel from late September 1912 to January 1913 and adds fragments in August–October 1914.

  2. 1913

    Kurt Wolff publishes the opening chapter separately as Der Heizer, The Stoker, explicitly labeled a fragment.

  3. 1927

    Kurt Wolff Verlag in Munich publishes the unfinished novel in December as Amerika, edited by Max Brod. Kafka’s own title for the project was Der Verschollene.

  4. 2011

    Schocken issues the selected US paperback of Mark Harman’s translation on August 16.

Book editions

Paperback edition cover
Paperback
Schocken
2011
ISBN-13
9780805211610
Translated by
Mark Harman
Selected US paperback, August 16, 2011, 336 pages, translated from the restored text. The character readings were checked in DigBib.Org’s German Amerika PDF, generated in 2013. Its underlying edition is not identified. PDF page numbers are not Harman’s pagination, and the English quotations here are Atlas translations of the displayed German.

Reader reviews

Loading reviews…

Cover of The Castle by Franz Kafka

The Castle

Franz Kafka

Kafka’s later novel follows another outsider seeking recognition through employment, documents and personal introductions.

Read our take
Cover of The Trial by Franz Kafka

The Trial

Franz Kafka

The hotel inquiry anticipates the troubling gap between an accusation and a fair chance to answer it in Kafka’s later novel.

Read our take

Amerika: frequently asked questions

Are Amerika and The Missing Person the same book?

Yes. Kafka called the project Der Verschollene. Brod supplied Amerika for the 1927 publication. The Missing Person and The Man Who Disappeared are English renderings of Kafka’s title, not separate novels.

When was Amerika first published?

The unfinished novel appeared in December 1927, three years after Kafka’s death, from Kurt Wolff Verlag in Munich. Its opening chapter, The Stoker, had already appeared separately in 1913.

Did Kafka ever visit America?

No. He drew on accounts, images and other material available to him. Karl’s journey is fictional, and the novel’s geography should not be treated as a reliable travel map.

Does Amerika have a happy ending?

The theater chapter gives Karl a new job and an unusually hopeful journey with Giacomo. It does not show their arrival. Because Kafka left the manuscript unfinished, that hope is not a completed account of Karl’s future.

Why does the Statue of Liberty have a sword?

A sword, rather than the real statue’s torch, appears in the opening. It helps establish the unfamiliar America Karl sees. Its meaning is open to interpretation, but replacing it with a torch would change Kafka’s text.

Which English edition is listed here?

The selected edition is Schocken’s 2011 paperback of Mark Harman’s restored-text translation, ISBN 9780805211610, 336 pages. The scene checks use a German PDF. Both English quotations are identified as Atlas translations.

If you like Franz Kafka

Explore authors with a similar voice, perspective, and influence.

  • Illustrated portrait of Louis-Ferdinand Céline

    Louis-Ferdinand Céline

    The doctor of the Paris slums who wrote the century's blackest, funniest novel — and changed the sound of French prose.

    View author
  • Illustrated portrait of Henry Miller

    Henry Miller

    The Brooklyn dropout who arrived in Paris broke at thirty-eight and wrote the exuberant, banned books that ended American censorship.

    View author
  • Illustrated portrait of George Orwell

    George Orwell

    English novelist, essayist and journalist, born Eric Arthur Blair, who wrote Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. He was an imperial policeman in Burma, a plongeur in Paris kitchens off the rue Mouffetard, and a militiaman shot through the neck in Spain before any of it.

    View author
References

References

The sources below include the primary text, editions, scholarship, archival materials, and other records that informed this page. They document Amerika, its publication, and its place in literary history.

  1. 1Amerika

    Novel
    Franz Kafka, 1927
    Used for

    The primary text represented by this page, used for descriptions of the work’s contents and for any quoted passages shown here.

  2. 2Amerika: German text

    Website
    DigBib.Org, 2013
    Used for

    Primary German passages checked for narrative claims, six Karl readings and the original wording of both quotations. The theater chapter was read in full; the entire novel was not. The PDF does not identify a critical edition and places separate fragments after the theater episode.

    View source
  3. 3Der Verschollene: publication and manuscript record

    Website
    S. Fischer Verlage
    Used for

    Publisher bibliography establishes the composition periods, Kafka’s title, Brod’s title and editorial role, and the December 1927 Munich first publication.

    View source
  1. 4Der Verschollene: composition, The Stoker and the imagined America

    Website
    S. Fischer Verlage
    Used for

    Publisher account verifies The Stoker’s separate 1913 publication and distinguishes Kafka’s imagined America from a journey he personally made.

    View source
  2. 5Amerika: The Missing Person: Schocken 2011 paperback

    Website
    Penguin Random House Library Marketing, 2011
    Used for

    Publisher metadata verifies Schocken’s August 16, 2011 paperback, Mark Harman translation, ISBN and 336-page extent. Harman’s text was not consulted for scene wording or quotations.

    View source
i
Why these sources are here

The primary text is the baseline reference for every book page. Additional references document publication history, interpretation, and historical context where that evidence is available.

Explore more resources