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Cover of Linotte by Anaïs Nin

Linotte

The Early Diary of Anaïs Nin, 1914–1920

by Anaïs Nin · The Early Diary of Anaïs Nin, vol. 1

Where the whole project begins: the diary an eleven-year-old started on the boat to New York, as a letter to the father who left.

Published
1978Posthumous
Setting
New York
Shelf rating
3.5

About Anaïs Nin

Illustrated portrait of Anaïs Nin
Anaïs Nin

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The story, briefly

Spoiler-free

The first volume of the early diary is the origin document: begun in July 1914 aboard the ship carrying the abandoned Nin family from Barcelona to New York, as a running letter meant to lure her father back. Written in French — the girl's language — and kept faithfully through six New York years, it records the immigrant household, the convent of her own devising, the first stirrings of the writer, and the making of the habit that would last sixty years. Published in 1978, translated from the French, with the family's blessing and her childhood nickname on the cover. (A childhood diary — nothing here to spoil.)

The story, in more detail

Every reader of the famous Diary knows the myth of its origin; Linotte is the artifact itself. The letter-to-father frame is real and audible — entries addressed toward an absence, reports on the family he left — and watching it slowly become something else, a practice kept for its own sake, is the volume's quiet drama. 'Linotte' — linnet, scatterbrain — was the family's name for her, and the girl on these pages half-performs it while the sentences grow steadily less scattered.

The publication story matters: Nin died before the early diaries could be prepared, and her brother Joaquín Nin-Culmell shepherded them into print, with the French of the originals translated by Jean L. Sherman. What emerges is unretouched apprenticeship — pieties, crushes, resolutions, household weather — shot through with unmistakable lightning: the child deciding, page by page, that writing things down is what she is for.

What's inside

Six years of a girlhood diary, 1914–1920: the crossing from Spain and the arrival in New York; the fatherless household run on her mother Rosa's determination; school, church, and the long game of waiting for Joaquín Nin to answer; the family's music (brother Joaquín at the piano); first books, first poems, first declarations of a writer's vocation; and the diary itself becoming a character — confidante, discipline, and the one room of her own an immigrant girl could lock.

Themes and analysis

These readings discuss events throughout the book, including its ending.

The first notebook at sea

The opening entries make writing answer the movement of departure. Barcelona recedes, but Nin promises to return to the page the following day; the diary offers a continuity that travel cannot. The poem for her grandmother then repeatedly places a remembered face and touch at the horizon, giving distance an intimate shape. Prose records the ship's progress while verse resists the disappearance of someone loved. The notebook is already more than a travel log: its changing forms allow anticipation, practical detail and grief to occupy the same journey.

On the Montserrat in 1914, eleven-year-old Nin turns separation and travel into the beginnings of her diary. A literary-scene reconstruction. (Illustration — The Paris Atlas)

A city of books

The September library visit briefly turns literary abundance into a question of belonging. Nin admires the marble building and imagines its enormous range of books, but cannot borrow because the family's address is not settled. The obstacle is small enough to occupy a sentence and large enough to interrupt the promise of the city. Her mother's purchase of another notebook follows immediately. That juxtaposition gives writing a practical place beside frustrated reading: she cannot yet take a library book home, but she can continue making a book of her own.

Nin’s first New York library visit awakens the wish to borrow books; while the family’s address is unsettled, another notebook offers a different beginning. A literary-scene reconstruction. (Illustration — The Paris Atlas)

Why we recommend it

  1. The origin artifact

    Not the legend of how the diary began — the actual pages, from the boat onward.

  2. A vocation, live

    The rare document of a writer deciding to be one in real time, at eleven, in her second country and first language.

  3. The family portrait

    Rosa Culmell's household — the mother the later diaries mourn — recorded here in full daily operation.

What this book explores

Timeline

  1. 1914

    Aboard the ship from Barcelona to New York, eleven-year-old Anaïs begins the diary as a letter to her absent father.

  2. 1914–1920

    Six New York years in French: the immigrant household, school, and the vocation announcing itself.

  3. 1978

    Harcourt publishes Linotte posthumously, translated by Jean L. Sherman with a preface by Joaquín Nin-Culmell.

Book editions

Hardcover
Hardcover
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
1978
First edition — translated from the French by Jean L. Sherman, with a preface by Joaquín Nin-Culmell
Paperback
Paperback
Harcourt / Harvest
The standard text

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Recommended alongside Reunited.

Linotte: frequently asked questions

What is Linotte?

The first volume of Anaïs Nin's early diary, covering 1914 to 1920 — begun at age eleven on the ship to New York and kept in French through her first six American years. It was published posthumously in 1978.

Why did Nin start the diary?

As a continuing letter to her father, the composer Joaquín Nin, who had abandoned the family — writing meant to describe the life he was missing and bring him back.

What does 'Linotte' mean?

Linnet — in the French idiom, a flighty head, a scatterbrain. It was the family's affectionate nickname for her.

Is it translated?

Yes. The childhood diary was written in French; Jean L. Sherman's translation is the published text, prepared with her brother Joaquín Nin-Culmell.

Do I need it to enjoy the famous Diary?

No — but it deepens it. The published Diary opens in 1931 with the habit fully formed; Linotte shows the habit being invented, by a child, for reasons the later volumes never stopped answering.

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References

References

The sources below include the primary text, editions, scholarship, archival materials, and other records that informed this page. They document Linotte, its publication, and its place in literary history.

  1. 1Linotte

    Novel
    Anaïs Nin, 1978
    Used for

    The primary text represented by this page, used for descriptions of the work’s contents and for any quoted passages shown here.

  2. 2Anaïs Nin — biography

    Website
    The Anaïs Nin Foundation
    Used for

    Used to verify Linotte's bibliographic context and its place within Anaïs Nin's published work.

    View source
  3. 3Anaïs Nin Papers — diary, March–September 1938

    Archive
    UCLA Library Special Collections
    Used for

    Used for independent archival, institutional, or historical context surrounding Anaïs Nin and Linotte.

    View source
  1. 4Anaïs Nin: A Biography

    Biography
    G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1995
    Used for

    Used to cross-check chronology, publication history, and the circumstances in which Linotte appeared.

  2. 5Anaïs: The Erotic Life of Anaïs Nin

    Biography
    Little, Brown, 1993
    Used for

    Used for an additional scholarly or biographical perspective on Linotte and Anaïs Nin's wider career.

  3. 6Linotte — editorial front matter and opening diary preview

    Website
    Everand, 1978
    Used for

    Read for the July 25–27 and September 3, 1914 entries; section analysis uses the public English translation preview, not a full manuscript collation.

    View source
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Why these sources are here

The primary text is the baseline reference for every book page. Additional references document publication history, interpretation, and historical context where that evidence is available.

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