
The Early Diary of Anaïs Nin, 1920–1923
The diary switches to English and the girl becomes a young woman.
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by Anaïs Nin
Where the whole project begins: the diary an eleven-year-old started on the boat to New York, as a letter to the father who left.
The first volume of the early diary is the origin document: begun in July 1914 aboard the ship carrying the abandoned Nin family from Barcelona to New York, as a running letter meant to lure her father back. Written in French — the girl's language — and kept faithfully through six New York years, it records the immigrant household, the convent of her own devising, the first stirrings of the writer, and the making of the habit that would last sixty years. Published in 1978, translated from the French, with the family's blessing and her childhood nickname on the cover. (A childhood diary — nothing here to spoil.)
Every reader of the famous Diary knows the myth of its origin; Linotte is the artifact itself. The letter-to-father frame is real and audible — entries addressed toward an absence, reports on the family he left — and watching it slowly become something else, a practice kept for its own sake, is the volume's quiet drama. 'Linotte' — linnet, scatterbrain — was the family's name for her, and the girl on these pages half-performs it while the sentences grow steadily less scattered.
The publication story matters: Nin died before the early diaries could be prepared, and her brother Joaquín Nin-Culmell shepherded them into print, with the French of the originals translated by Jean L. Sherman. What emerges is unretouched apprenticeship — pieties, crushes, resolutions, household weather — shot through with unmistakable lightning: the child deciding, page by page, that writing things down is what she is for.
Six years of a girlhood diary, 1914–1920: the crossing from Spain and the arrival in New York; the fatherless household run on her mother Rosa's determination; school, church, and the long game of waiting for Joaquín Nin to answer; the family's music (brother Joaquín at the piano); first books, first poems, first declarations of a writer's vocation; and the diary itself becoming a character — confidante, discipline, and the one room of her own an immigrant girl could lock.
The opening entries make writing answer the movement of departure. Barcelona recedes, but Nin promises to return to the page the following day; the diary offers a continuity that travel cannot. The poem for her grandmother then repeatedly places a remembered face and touch at the horizon, giving distance an intimate shape. Prose records the ship's progress while verse resists the disappearance of someone loved. The notebook is already more than a travel log: its changing forms allow anticipation, practical detail and grief to occupy the same journey.
The September library visit briefly turns literary abundance into a question of belonging. Nin admires the marble building and imagines its enormous range of books, but cannot borrow because the family's address is not settled. The obstacle is small enough to occupy a sentence and large enough to interrupt the promise of the city. Her mother's purchase of another notebook follows immediately. That juxtaposition gives writing a practical place beside frustrated reading: she cannot yet take a library book home, but she can continue making a book of her own.
Not the legend of how the diary began — the actual pages, from the boat onward.
The rare document of a writer deciding to be one in real time, at eleven, in her second country and first language.
Rosa Culmell's household — the mother the later diaries mourn — recorded here in full daily operation.
1914
Aboard the ship from Barcelona to New York, eleven-year-old Anaïs begins the diary as a letter to her absent father.
1914–1920
Six New York years in French: the immigrant household, school, and the vocation announcing itself.
1978
Harcourt publishes Linotte posthumously, translated by Jean L. Sherman with a preface by Joaquín Nin-Culmell.

The diary switches to English and the girl becomes a young woman.
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Where the practice begun on this boat finally reached the public, fifty-two years on.
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Her earliest fiction — written a decade after these pages, by the writer they predicted.
Read our takeThe first volume of Anaïs Nin's early diary, covering 1914 to 1920 — begun at age eleven on the ship to New York and kept in French through her first six American years. It was published posthumously in 1978.
As a continuing letter to her father, the composer Joaquín Nin, who had abandoned the family — writing meant to describe the life he was missing and bring him back.
Linnet — in the French idiom, a flighty head, a scatterbrain. It was the family's affectionate nickname for her.
Yes. The childhood diary was written in French; Jean L. Sherman's translation is the published text, prepared with her brother Joaquín Nin-Culmell.
No — but it deepens it. The published Diary opens in 1931 with the habit fully formed; Linotte shows the habit being invented, by a child, for reasons the later volumes never stopped answering.
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Read for the July 25–27 and September 3, 1914 entries; section analysis uses the public English translation preview, not a full manuscript collation.
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