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Cover of Scenario by Henry Miller

Scenario

A Film with Sound

by Henry Miller

Miller's surrealist film-on-paper, written after Anaïs Nin's House of Incest — 200 copies from Obelisk in 1937, with a drawing by Abraham Rattner.

Published
1937
Pages
31
Setting
Paris
Shelf rating
3.2

About Henry Miller

Illustrated portrait of Henry Miller

The story, briefly

Spoiler-free

A thirty-one-page prose script for a film no one was ever meant to shoot: Miller's answer to Anaïs Nin's House of Incest, moving by dream-image rather than story. Obelisk printed 200 copies in 1937, each with a loose drawing by the painter Abraham Rattner. The rarest kind of Miller — and the most purely surrealist thing he published.

The story, in more detail

In 1936 Anaïs Nin published House of Incest, the dream-prose poem she had been distilling from the diary for years. Scenario is Miller's response, and the text says so itself: the piece opens with a printed note crediting Nin's book by name. What follows is his interpretation of her imaginative territory, refashioned into his own idiom — a 'film with sound' that exists only as prose.

The form is a script that ignores every practicality of filming. It opens at night in a tropical garden, where an enormous glass bowl of goldfish stands over a pond and the face of a woman named Alraune hovers above the paths like a mask. She is joined by a second woman, Mandra, and the two study each other through the glass of the bowl before the scenes begin to metamorphose: a dance intercut with waves breaking on a beach, a montage of steel girders and collapsing skyscrapers, fortune-telling cards spread on a bed, a mirror in which one woman sees the other's face. Where Nin's book is chiseled and interior, Miller's is aggressively visual, a projector aimed at the page.

Obelisk issued it in 1937 in 200 copies, each carrying a loose drawing by Abraham Rattner, the American painter of Miller's Paris circle. It was reprinted in Max and the White Phagocytes the following year and then in The Cosmological Eye, which is where readers find it now; the pamphlet itself is one of the scarcest Miller items. This account is from a reading of the text in the Internet Archive scan of that collection.

What's inside

A single image-sequence, thirty-one pages long, with no dialogue and no plot. Alraune and Mandra move from the goldfish garden to a Moorish-furnished house, where Alraune paces in a sheath gown while Mandra sits a throne-like chair; the film cuts between her strides and the sea breaking on a beach, then into flashes of temple dancers, armored men, and the skeletons of skyscrapers buckling to earth. In a stained-glass bedroom the two women spread fortune-telling cards, and a hand mirror gives Alraune back Mandra's face instead of her own.

The later pages darken. The women flee a chanting mob through a door shaped like a skull, visit an astrologer built like a clockwork automaton — he sits oiling the mechanism in his own chest — and the piece closes in a cheap hotel room, where a second Mandra with Alraune's face rises from the body of the first, asleep beside an opium pipe, before a city of coral climbs out of the goldfish bowl. The images are the whole event; nothing is explained, and nothing needs to be.

Themes and analysis

These readings discuss events throughout the book, including its ending.

Faces through the glass

The mirror sequence makes recognition unstable. In the passage quoted by Patrice Baillargeon, the reflection shifts from Mandra's face to a composite of Mandra and Alraune, as Alraune's features move across Mandra's. The cinematic dissolve therefore does conceptual work: the boundary between looking at another person and recognizing oneself disappears. Instead of explaining the women's relationship psychologically, Miller lets a changing image carry its uncertainty. Rather than guaranteeing an accurate likeness, the reflective surface becomes the means by which individual identity slips out of view. What looks like a special effect is also a disturbance of the self.

An original response to Scenario's dream garden: Alraune and Mandra encounter one another through the distorting glass of an immense goldfish bowl. (Illustration — The Paris Atlas)

The mechanism inside the dream

The work's dream machinery is also a point of disagreement between Miller and Nin. Nin objected that Miller had turned the inward texture of House of Incest into loud, concrete effects. Her response, reproduced by Princeton's Graphic Arts Collection, challenges the easy assumption that shared images meant shared intentions. What can seem inventive as a sequence of visible transformations can also feel like the loss of another writer's private meanings. Scenario is therefore useful to read as a contested act of adaptation: its acknowledgment of Nin's inspiration does not settle who controls the emotional meaning of the resulting spectacle.

The clockwork astrologer turns the dream's machinery outward. This imagined design responds to Miller's figure tending the mechanism within himself. (Illustration — The Paris Atlas)

Documented connections

Direct links between this book and other works, supported by the text itself or by scholarship.

Cover of House of Incest by Anaïs Nin

Responds to · 1937

House of Incest

Anaïs Nin

Porter's bibliography states it plainly: Scenario was inspired by Anaïs Nin's House of Incest, published the year before — Miller refashioning her dream-territory into his own film-on-paper.

— Bern Porter, Henry Miller: A Chronology and Bibliography (1945)

Why we recommend it

  1. The Nin conversation, in print

    Half the interest is the dialogue: Nin's House of Incest and Miller's Scenario are the same dream filmed by two different directors.

  2. Miller's purest surrealism

    He kept the movement at arm's length in essays — here he simply does it, for thirty-one pages, without apology or argument.

  3. A great Paris object

    Obelisk, 200 copies, a loose Rattner drawing in each — the pamphlet is a museum piece of thirties small-press Paris even before the text starts.

What this book explores

Timeline

  1. 1936

    Anaïs Nin publishes House of Incest — the book Scenario answers.

  2. 1937

    Obelisk issues Scenario in 200 copies, each with a loose Abraham Rattner drawing.

  3. 1938

    Reprinted in Max and the White Phagocytes.

  4. 1939

    Crosses to America inside The Cosmological Eye, where it remains in print.

Book editions

Paperback edition cover
Paperback
New Directions, within The Cosmological Eye
1939
ISBN-13
9780811201100
The practical modern access point — the pamphlet itself has no ISBN

Reader reviews

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Scenario: frequently asked questions

What is Scenario by Henry Miller?

A 31-page surrealist prose piece in the form of a film script — subtitled 'A Film with Sound' — published by Obelisk Press in Paris in 1937 in an edition of 200 copies, each with a loose drawing by Abraham Rattner.

What is it about?

Two women, Alraune and Mandra, meet at night in a garden dominated by a giant bowl of goldfish, and the text moves through metamorphosing scenes: a dance intercut with breaking waves, fortune-telling cards, a clockwork astrologer, an opium room where a double of one woman rises from the other's sleeping body. There is no dialogue and no plot — the images carry everything.

What does it have to do with Anaïs Nin?

Everything — the opening page carries a printed note crediting her House of Incest, published the year before, as its direct inspiration. Her dream-book supplied the territory; Scenario is his raid on it.

Was the film ever made?

No, and it was never meant to be. The script form is a device — a license for pure image-sequence — not a production document.

How can I read it today?

In The Cosmological Eye, the 1939 New Directions collection still in print. The 1937 pamphlet is one of the scarcest Miller items and trades as a collector's piece.

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References

References

The sources below include the primary text, editions, scholarship, archival materials, and other records that informed this page. They document Scenario, its publication, and its place in literary history.

  1. 1Scenario

    Novel
    Henry Miller, 1937
    Used for

    The primary text represented by this page, used for descriptions of the work’s contents and for any quoted passages shown here.

  2. 2Soliloquies of Lust: Henry Miller and the Transmutation of Desire — MA thesis

    Website
    University of Western Ontario / Library and Archives Canada, 1997
    Used for

    Used for the primary mirror passage quoted on thesis page 63. The reading does not claim access to the complete Scenario text or adopt all of the thesis's interpretations.

    View source
  3. 3Anaïs Nin and Surrealist Films

    Website
    Princeton University Library, Graphic Arts Collection, 2020
    Used for

    Used for Nin's attributed response and the reproduced prefatory acknowledgment. This is evidence of reception and attribution, not verification of every detail in the retained illustrations.

    View source
  4. 4Henry Miller: A Chronology and Bibliography

    Archive
    Bern Porter, 1945
    Used for

    Archival evidence used to document the historical record connected to Scenario.

  1. 5Anaïs Nin: A Biography

    Biography
    G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1995
    Used for

    Used for the relationship between Miller’s scenario and Nin’s House of Incest and for the Villa Seurat context.

  2. 6Anaïs: The Erotic Life of Anaïs Nin

    Biography
    Little, Brown, 1993
    Used for

    Used as an independent account of the Nin–Miller collaboration and the work’s origins.

  3. 7The Happiest Man Alive: A Biography of Henry Miller

    Biography
    Simon & Schuster, 1991
    Used for

    Used to place the pamphlet within Miller’s 1930s Paris chronology and bibliography.

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Why these sources are here

The primary text is the baseline reference for every book page. Additional references document publication history, interpretation, and historical context where that evidence is available.

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