The Stranger
A clerk in Algiers kills a man, then faces a court more interested in his behavior at his mother’s funeral.
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Notes from Underground
An isolated narrator argues with society, reason, himself, and every explanation he has just offered.
- 1864
About Fyodor Dostoevsky
The story, briefly
Spoiler-freeFyodor Dostoevsky’s 1864 novella gives the floor to an anonymous former civil servant whose intelligence, bitterness, pride, and contradictions keep him apart from other people.
Why we recommend it
Alienation argued aloud
Dostoevsky’s narrator explains, revises, and attacks his own ideas while refusing the comforting stories other people accept.
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References
References
The sources below include the primary text, editions, scholarship, archival materials, and other records that informed this page. They document Notes from Underground, its publication, and its place in literary history.
1Notes from Underground — Open Library ISBN catalogue
Official recordOpen Library, Internet ArchiveUsed forOpen Library ISBN catalogue used to verify the title, ISBN, and publication metadata.
2Notes from Underground — Google Books catalogue
Official recordGoogleUsed forGoogle Books catalogue record used to cross-check the title and edition metadata.
3Notes from Underground — Internet Archive ISBN catalogue
Official recordInternet ArchiveUsed forInternet Archive ISBN catalogue used to cross-check the edition and its availability in library holdings.
4Notes from Underground — Library of Congress books catalogue
Official recordLibrary of CongressUsed forLibrary of Congress books catalogue used to cross-check the bibliographic record by ISBN.
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Why these sources are here
The primary text is the baseline reference for every book page. Additional references document publication history, interpretation, and historical context where that evidence is available.
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