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Cover of Gigi by Colette

Gigi

by Colette

The girl raised to be a rich man's mistress, and the man who changes the terms himself — Colette's most adapted story.

Published
1944
Setting
Paris
Shelf rating
4.3

About Colette

Illustrated portrait of Colette
Colette

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The story, briefly

Spoiler-free

A short novel Colette wrote in occupied Paris and first published in Switzerland in 1944. Gilberte — Gigi — is a Belle Époque adolescent being trained by her grandmother and great-aunt, both retired courtesans, for the family trade: how to choose cigars and jewels, hold a fork, and be kept in style by a wealthy man. The wealthy man in question is Gaston Lachaille, a sugar heir and old family friend. What Gigi does with the arrangement made for her is the whole point of the book. Better known abroad through its adaptations than in Colette's own prose, it is one of her rare stories of requited love. (A novella; the full plot is below.)

The story, in more detail

Colette wrote Gigi in 1942, at the height of the German occupation, and wartime paper shortages sent it abroad to be printed: the first edition appeared in Lausanne in 1944, from La Guilde du Livre, in a small run. The first Paris edition followed in 1945. In France it arrived among other stories — the collection Gigi et autres nouvelles gathered it with L'Enfant malade, La Dame du photographe, and Flore et Pomone — and English readers later met it in an omnibus with two other Colette novels, translated by Roger Senhouse in the early 1950s.

The story's later fame came almost entirely from the stage and screen. A French film directed by Jacqueline Audry, with Danièle Delorme in the title role, appeared in 1949. Then, in 1951, Anita Loos adapted it for Broadway — and Colette, watching filming on the Riviera, picked the unknown Audrey Hepburn for the lead, a role that introduced Hepburn to American audiences. The 1958 MGM musical, directed by Vincente Minnelli with Leslie Caron, Louis Jourdan, and Maurice Chevalier, won all nine of its Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, and made Gigi Colette's most familiar title outside France.

That fame carries a hazard worth naming. The songs, the narrator Honoré, and the number 'Thank Heaven for Little Girls' belong to the 1958 film, not to Colette's book. The novella is shorter, has no music, and turns on a single quiet reversal that the musical keeps but surrounds with spectacle.

The full plot

What happens, beginning to end — the ending included. Open when you're ready.

The setting is Paris around 1900. Gigi lives with her grandmother, Madame Alvarez, a former courtesan who is raising her in the family profession, and is sent regularly to her great-aunt Alicia, a more successful retired courtesan who teaches the finer points: how to eat ortolans and lobster, tell a first-water diamond from a flawed one, and manage the men who would pay for such things. Gigi is bright, unpolished, and mostly bored by the lessons.

Into the household comes Gaston Lachaille, heir to a sugar fortune, a family friend who is rich, restless, and tired of the public affairs the newspapers track. He is fond of Gigi as a child is fond — cards, games, teasing — until he is not. The women recognize the opening and begin negotiating the terms under which Gigi would become his mistress: the settlement, the arrangement, the discreet economy their whole training exists to serve.

How it ends — spoilers aheadThe final movement, ending included. Open when you're ready.

Gigi refuses the arrangement first. Told what is expected of her, she rejects the role the family has spent years preparing her for and will not be handed to Gaston as a kept mistress on negotiated terms. Then, the next afternoon, she gives in — she tells him she would rather be unhappy with him than without him, and offers him her cheek. Marriage is never her idea and she never asks for it. It is only after that kiss that Gaston turns to her grandmother and asks for her hand, changing the terms himself. The book closes on the engagement.

Themes and analysis

These readings discuss events throughout the book, including its ending.

The curriculum in jewels

Alicia teaches Gigi to see fine distinctions while limiting what she may do with that knowledge. Their shared admiration for an emerald allows genuine pleasure in beauty, but Gigi's preference for opals must yield to a performance calculated for men. Even an invented superstition is preferable, in Alicia's scheme, to independent taste. The lesson therefore joins expertise to dependence: knowing the value of a gift does not mean choosing the conditions under which it is offered. Gigi is being trained to judge objects more freely than her own future.

At Aunt Alicia’s table, Gigi is tested on stones, settings and the expensive grammar of the life being planned for her. A literary-scene reconstruction. (Illustration — The Paris Atlas)

The answer is no

Gigi's refusal turns the household's lessons back against the arrangement they were meant to prepare. Knowledge of Gaston's public affairs lets her imagine the gossip and abandonment that the adults leave out of their promises. She distinguishes enjoying his company from accepting the future he offers. Her later decision to risk unhappiness with him complicates any simple victory: she changes her answer without asking for marriage. Gaston's final proposal is his initiative, not proof that her earlier resistance was a bargaining tactic or that the unequal choices were harmless.

Gigi answers Gaston for herself, refusing the familiar arrangement in which a young woman is provided for and eventually discarded. A literary-scene reconstruction. (Illustration — The Paris Atlas)

Gigi on screen and stage

Film · 1949

Gigi

The first screen version of Colette's 1944 novella, adapted by Pierre Laroche and directed by Jacqueline Audry, with Danièle Delorme in the title role.

Play · 1951

Gigi

Anita Loos's stage adaptation of the novella, opened on Broadway in November 1951 with Audrey Hepburn in the title role.

Film · 1958

Gigi

The MGM musical from the novella, with Alan Jay Lerner's screenplay and lyrics, Frederick Loewe's score, and Leslie Caron as Gigi; directed by Vincente Minnelli.

Why we recommend it

  1. Colette's most famous story, at the source

    The novella the 1958 film and the Broadway play were built on — tighter, wittier, and without the songs.

  2. A rare happy ending

    Most of Colette's fiction ends in loss or compromise. Gigi is the one where a young woman refuses the arrangement and wins on her own terms.

  3. The Hepburn connection

    This is the story that put Audrey Hepburn on a Broadway stage, chosen by Colette herself.

What this book explores

The people in its pages

A small cast, all fictional. Colette is said to have drawn the situation from the life of Yola Letellier.

  • Illustrated portrait of Gilberte (Gigi)

    Gilberte (Gigi)

    The adolescent heroine, raised for the family trade and unimpressed by it — until she decides its terms are not hers to accept.

  • Illustrated portrait of Madame Alvarez

    Madame Alvarez

    Gigi's grandmother, a retired courtesan managing the household and her granddaughter's education.

  • Illustrated portrait of Aunt Alicia

    Aunt Alicia

    Gigi's great-aunt, the most successful courtesan of the family, who instructs her in jewels, food, and comportment.

  • Illustrated portrait of Gaston Lachaille

    Gaston Lachaille

    A sugar-fortune heir and family friend, expected to take Gigi as his mistress — who proposes marriage instead.

Bring it to book club

  • Gigi refuses to become a mistress and is offered marriage instead. Is that a triumph over the system, or a better deal inside it?
  • The women who raise Gigi treat the courtesan's trade as an honorable profession. How does Colette keep them sympathetic without endorsing the arrangement?
  • How does Colette's short, dry novella differ from the musical most readers know first, and what does the film's charm hide?

A complete discussion guide is on our editorial calendar. Join the letter to hear when it ships.

Timeline

  1. 1942

    Colette writes Gigi in occupied Paris.

  2. 1944

    First edition published in Lausanne by La Guilde du Livre, printed in Switzerland during the occupation.

  3. 1945

    First Paris edition, from J. Ferenczi et fils.

  4. 1949

    A French film adaptation, directed by Jacqueline Audry with Danièle Delorme, is released.

  5. 1951

    Anita Loos's Broadway adaptation opens; Colette had chosen the unknown Audrey Hepburn for the title role.

  6. 1958

    The MGM musical directed by Vincente Minnelli wins all nine of its Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture.

Book editions

Hardcover
Hardcover
French
La Guilde du Livre, Lausanne
1944
First edition, a small run printed in Switzerland during the occupation.
Hardcover
Hardcover
French
J. Ferenczi et fils, Paris
1945
First Paris edition.
Paperback
Paperback
Translated by
Roger Senhouse
Standard English text, in the omnibus Gigi, Julie de Carneilhan and Chance Acquaintances (early 1950s).

Reader reviews

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Cover of Chéri by Colette

Chéri

Colette

The same Belle Époque demi-monde, told as elegy instead of comedy — the courtesan world Gigi is being trained to enter.

Read our take
Cover of The Vagabond by Colette

The Vagabond

Colette

A grown woman who already refused the arrangement made for her, choosing independence over being kept.

Read our take

Recommended alongside Claudine and Annie, Claudine at School, Claudine in Paris, Claudine Married, Minne, Minne's Misadventures, Mitsou, The Innocent Libertine, The Last of Chéri, The Other One and The Sentimental Retreat.

Gigi: frequently asked questions

Who wrote Gigi?

The French novelist Colette, in 1942. It was first published in 1944.

When was Gigi published?

The first edition appeared in Lausanne in 1944, printed in Switzerland because of wartime paper shortages in France. The first Paris edition followed in 1945.

What is Gigi about?

A girl in Belle Époque Paris is trained by her grandmother and great-aunt, both former courtesans, to become a wealthy man's mistress. She refuses the arrangement, and the man proposes marriage instead.

Is the book the same as the 1958 film?

No. The 1958 MGM musical with Leslie Caron adds songs, the narrator Honoré, and set pieces that are not in Colette's text. The novella is shorter and has no music. There was also an earlier French film in 1949.

Did Colette discover Audrey Hepburn through Gigi?

Yes. Colette chose the then-unknown Audrey Hepburn for the title role in the 1951 Broadway adaptation, which was Hepburn's first leading part and introduced her to American audiences.

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References

References

The sources below include the primary text, editions, scholarship, archival materials, and other records that informed this page. They document Gigi, its publication, and its place in literary history.

  1. 1Gigi

    Novel
    Colette, 1944
    Used for

    The primary text represented by this page, used for descriptions of the work’s contents and for any quoted passages shown here.

  2. 2Gigi — J. Ferenczi et fils 1945 edition

    Website
    Wikisource
    Used for

    French novella: the jewel lesson and closing refusal-to-proposal sequence support the added readings; not the musical adaptation.

    View source
  3. 3Société des amis de Colette — Chronology

    Website
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Gigi page.

    View source
  1. 4Gigi (Jacqueline Audry, 1949) — film record

    Website
    Filmoteca de Catalunya
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Gigi page.

    View source
  2. 5Audrey Hepburn and Cathleen Nesbitt in the stage production Gigi

    Archive
    The New York Public Library, Billy Rose Theatre Division, 1952
    Used for

    Archival evidence used to document the historical record connected to Gigi.

    View source
  3. 6Gigi (1958)

    Website
    Turner Classic Movies
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Gigi page.

    View source
i
Why these sources are here

The primary text is the baseline reference for every book page. Additional references document publication history, interpretation, and historical context where that evidence is available.

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