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Museum · Louvre · 1er arrondissement

Musée du Louvre

The buildingStill standing
Getting inHours or admission
What's there nowStill the same

Open as the Musée du Louvre. The Cour Napoléon and Pyramid exterior are free to see; the galleries require admission, and current entrance and room conditions should be checked before travel.

The Louvre is open 9 a.m.–6 p.m. Monday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday, and 9 a.m.–9 p.m. Wednesday and Friday; it is closed Tuesday. Reserve a timed ticket, choose a short route before arriving, and check the live room schedule on the day of your visit.

Address
Rue de Rivoli, 75001 Paris
Years
Museum since 1793
IllustrationColor editorial illustration of the Louvre Pyramid centered among the palace façades under a blue sky

The same present-day view in color, with the palace wings surrounding the glass entrance.

Editorial illustration

The story

Louvre hours and tickets in 2026

The Louvre is open 9 a.m.–6 p.m. on Monday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday, and 9 a.m.–9 p.m. on Wednesday and Friday. It is closed Tuesday. Last entry is one hour before closing, and the museum begins clearing rooms thirty minutes before closing.[1]

  • Monday: 9 a.m.–6 p.m.
  • Tuesday: closed
  • Wednesday: 9 a.m.–9 p.m.
  • Thursday: 9 a.m.–6 p.m.
  • Friday: 9 a.m.–9 p.m.
  • Saturday: 9 a.m.–6 p.m.
  • Sunday: 9 a.m.–6 p.m.
  • Annual closures: 1 January, 1 May and 25 December

Rates applicable from 14 January 2026 are €22 for European Economic Area residents or citizens and €32 for non-European Economic Area visitors. Admission is free for visitors under 18 and for European Economic Area residents or citizens under 26, with proof. The museum also offers free admission to everyone on the first Friday of the month after 6 p.m., except July and August, and on 14 July. A free visit still benefits from a reserved time slot.[1]

Reservations are required for almost all visitors from 1 July through 31 August 2026. Outside that period, the museum recommends booking, and a time slot is the practical way to protect the visit when the building reaches capacity. Buy only from the official ticket service; the Louvre warns that supposed third-party “jump the queue” tickets may be fraudulent.[2]

How long should a first visit take?

Allow about three hours for a first visit. That is enough time to follow one coherent route, stop in front of several works and absorb the fact that the galleries occupy a former palace. Three hours is not enough to see the entire museum, but trying to cover everything in one visit usually makes the experience worse.[2]

For a shorter visit, use the museum's official 90-minute Masterpieces trail. For a half day, choose two departments and no more than three or four priority works. Adding more names to the list usually means spending more of the visit navigating corridors and less of it looking.[3]

  • 90 minutes: one official trail, if every required room is open.
  • Three hours: the best first-visit length for a focused route.
  • Half a day: two departments, a meal or rest, and time for the palace itself.
  • A full day: possible, but tiring; plan a long break and expect diminishing attention.

Which Louvre entrance should you use?

Use the Pyramid if you are an individual visitor and want the entrance that is easiest to understand. Its queues are separated for visitors with tickets or a Paris Museum Pass, visitors without tickets, and visitors with priority access. The familiar entrance is not automatically the fastest, but it is the main one.[4]

  • Pyramid: main entrance for individual visitors, including ticket holders, Museum Pass holders and visitors without tickets.
  • Carrousel, 99 Rue de Rivoli: accepts groups, members and visitors with tickets; it also connects to the underground shopping center and car park.
  • Porte des Lions, Quai François-Mitterrand: ticket holders only; closes at 6 p.m., with last entry at 5 p.m.; equipment loans are unavailable there and locker service ends earlier.
  • Passage Richelieu, Rue de Rivoli: reserved mainly for groups, members, museum activities and auditorium events.

Entrance rules can change during construction, special events and busy periods. No entrance is always the fastest. Access rules and queues change, so check the Louvre's live entrance map on the day of your visit.[4]

What to see on a first visit

Begin with one work you already care about, not with a universal checklist. If that work is Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, go there first and accept that the room is designed for a crowd. Then choose works that pull you into different periods: the Winged Victory of Samothrace, the Venus de Milo, the medieval fortress foundations, the Islamic Art galleries or one run of French and Italian painting.[5]

For a manageable first visit, combine one famous work, one department explored slowly and one part of the palace's architecture. Trying to visit fifteen famous works usually means more walking and less time looking closely.[3]

Room availability matters more than any static list. The Louvre closes galleries periodically for renovation, technical work and weather conditions. On Wednesdays and Fridays, Level 2 rooms open at 10:30 a.m. Check the live schedule after choosing a route, then prepare a substitute department rather than treating a closed room as a failed day.[6]

The palace before the Pyramid

The Louvre palace and Jardin de la Reine around 1865. The photograph records a palace-museum still being reorganized long before the Pyramid became its public entrance. (Pierre Emonts or Emonds / Musée Carnavalet, Paris Musées, via Wikimedia Commons · CC0)

The Louvre began as a fortress around 1190, built near the western edge of medieval Paris. French rulers expanded and rebuilt it into a royal palace. The monarchy eventually moved its court to Versailles, but the Louvre remained a place for royal collections, academies and artists.[7]

The Muséum central des arts opened here on 10 August 1793, during the French Revolution. The act changed the meaning of the palace: objects gathered by rulers were reorganized for a public museum, although who could enter, what was displayed and how the collections had been acquired remained political questions.[7]

Ieoh Ming Pei's Pyramid opened in 1989 above a new underground reception hall. The Pyramid did not replace the historic palace. It created a central entrance above an underground lobby connecting the museum's wings. Visitors now experience Pei's modern entrance and the older palace as parts of the same museum.[8]

The Louvre Pyramid

The glass pyramid in the Cour Napoléon is the museum's main entrance and the roof of an underground lobby. It is not a monument standing on its own: everything it does happens below it, where a single reception hall connects the palace's three wings. Before it existed, the Louvre had no central entrance at all, and visitors picked one of several doors into a building that gave them no way to understand its shape.[9]

It came out of the Grand Louvre, the rebuilding programme President François Mitterrand commissioned in 1981. The Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was appointed in July 1983, and the Pyramid was inaugurated on 29 March 1989 after four years of work.[8]

  • 21 metres high, on a 35-metre square base covering about 1,000 m².
  • 675 diamond-shaped panes and 118 triangular ones — roughly 2,000 m² of glazing, 21 mm thick, made by Saint-Gobain.
  • A frame of about 6,000 bars and girders meeting at 2,150 nodes, weighing 95 tonnes, with a further 105 tonnes of glazed aluminium.
  • Inaugurated 29 March 1989; architect Ieoh Ming Pei, appointed July 1983.

The glass is the argument. Pei wanted panes with no green tint at all, so that the palace façades would stay visible straight through the structure from both inside and out. A tinted pyramid would have read as an object dropped in the courtyard; a clear one lets you see the seventeenth-century building through the twentieth-century one. That is why the specification was so demanding and why Saint-Gobain had to make the glass specially.[10]

It was widely hated before it was built. Placing a modern glass structure in the courtyard of a royal palace was attacked as vandalism, and the criticism was loud, sustained and often personal. The museum's own account of the episode is titled, drily, "A transparent controversy". The objections have not aged well: the Pyramid is now among the most recognisable buildings in the world and photographing it is, for many visitors, the reason they cross the courtyard at all.[10]

For a visit, treat it as the front door rather than a sight. It is free to stand in the Cour Napoléon and look at it — no ticket, no queue — and the courtyard is open when the museum is closed, which makes Tuesday evening a good time to photograph it without crowds. Going through it requires museum admission, and it is not automatically the fastest way in: see the entrance guidance above.[9]

Langston Hughes's first morning in Paris

Langston Hughes arrived at the Gare du Nord in February 1924 with seven dollars, no room, no job and no acquaintances in Paris. He rode toward the Opéra, walked through wet snow to the Place de la Concorde, followed the Seine past the Tuileries and entered the Louvre.[11]

The first attraction was practical. The museum was warm. Hughes looked at the Venus de Milo and the Greek statues and decided that if they had survived Paris for centuries, he might manage it too.[11]

He told the story in his 1940 autobiography The Big Sea. Hughes's account presents the Louvre as a place of refuge rather than an intimidating monument. He entered to get warm, studied the Greek sculptures and left feeling more hopeful about surviving in Paris.[11]

Accessibility, bags and practical details

Disabled visitors and one accompanying person receive free admission and priority access with supporting documents. The Pyramid's central tube lift serves visitors with disabilities, wheelchairs and prams. Wheelchairs, canes, folding stools, rolling chairs, sensory bags and other equipment are available free from the assistance area in exchange for identification.[12]

Free self-service lockers are available beneath the Pyramid and at Porte des Lions, but luggage and bags larger than 55 × 35 × 20 centimeters are not permitted. The information desks beneath the Pyramid distribute maps in nine languages. Free Wi-Fi is available, and an audio guide can be reserved for an additional fee.[13]

The nearest Métro stop is Palais-Royal / Musée du Louvre on lines 1 and 7; Pyramides on line 14 is another useful approach. Do not schedule another timed attraction immediately after the museum. Entry, security, navigation and the final walk out of the palace all take longer than the number printed on the ticket.[4]

Key facts

Hours
9 a.m.–6 p.m.; Wednesday and Friday until 9 p.m.
Closed
Tuesday, 1 January, 1 May and 25 December
Last entry
One hour before closing; rooms clear thirty minutes before
2026 tickets
€22 EEA rate; €32 non-EEA rate; several free-admission categories
Best first visit
About three hours with a route chosen in advance
Main entrance
The Pyramid; check the live map for all current access conditions
Origins
A fortress built around 1190, later a royal palace
Museum opened
10 August 1793
Pyramid opened
1989, designed by Ieoh Ming Pei
Langston Hughes
Visited on his first morning in Paris, February 1924

Documentary photographs

Archival and present-day photographs, reproduced with rights verified.

The empty place left in the Louvre's Salon Carré after the Mona Lisa was stolen on 21 August 1911.August 1911 · Unknown photographer, first published in Century Magazine, via Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
The Jardin de la Reine and Louvre palace around 1865, before the twentieth-century museum entrance reorganized the Cour Napoléon.c. 1865 · Pierre Emonts or Emonds / Musée Carnavalet, Paris Musées, via Wikimedia Commons · CC0
A perspective view recording one of Bernini's designs for the east front of the Louvre, made about 1700. Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Fondo Millon.c. 1700 · After Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (Fondo Millon), via Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
The Cour Napoléon and Pyramid as a first-time visitor encounters them today. Editorial illustration, not a documentary photograph.Editorial illustration
The same present-day view in color, with the palace wings surrounding the glass entrance.Editorial illustration

Timeline

  1. c. 1190

    King Philippe Auguste builds a fortress near the western edge of medieval Paris.

  2. 1546

    François I begins transforming the medieval stronghold into a Renaissance palace.

  3. 1682

    Louis XIV moves the royal court to Versailles; the Louvre continues to house collections, academies and artists.

  4. 1793

    The Muséum central des arts opens in the former royal palace on 10 August.

  5. February 1924

    Langston Hughes enters from the snow on his first Paris morning and looks at the Greek antiquities.

  6. 1989

    Ieoh Ming Pei's glass Pyramid opens above the museum's new underground reception hall.

  7. 2026

    The Louvre adopts separate EEA and non-EEA admission rates and requires reservations for most summer visitors.

On the map

Questions before you go

What are the Louvre's opening hours?

The Louvre is open 9 a.m.–6 p.m. Monday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday, and 9 a.m.–9 p.m. Wednesday and Friday. It is closed Tuesday. Last entry is one hour before closing, and rooms begin clearing thirty minutes before closing. These hours were verified on 13 August 2026; check the official hours page before travel.

Is the Louvre closed on Tuesday?

Yes. The Musée du Louvre is closed every Tuesday. It is also closed on 1 January, 1 May and 25 December. If another public holiday falls on a normal opening day, the museum generally remains open, but current exceptions should be checked directly.

Do I need a reservation for the Louvre?

Reserve a timed ticket. Reservations are required for almost all visitors from 1 July through 31 August 2026, and the museum recommends them at other times because a time slot protects admission when the building is crowded. Free-admission visitors should also book unless they fall within a stated exemption.

How much are Louvre tickets in 2026?

Rates applicable from 14 January 2026 are €22 for residents or citizens of the European Economic Area and €32 for non-European Economic Area visitors. Visitors under 18 and European Economic Area residents or citizens under 26 enter free with proof. Eligibility and prices can change, so use the official ticket page for purchase.

How long should I spend at the Louvre?

Allow about three hours for a focused first visit. Ninety minutes can work for the museum's official Masterpieces trail when all required rooms are open. A half day allows two departments and a break. Trying to cover the whole museum usually produces more walking than looking.

What is the best entrance to the Louvre?

The Pyramid is the clearest default for an individual visitor. The Carrousel entrance at 99 Rue de Rivoli also accepts ticketed visitors and groups. Porte des Lions requires a ticket and has limited services; Passage Richelieu is mainly restricted to groups, members and events. Check the live entrance map because conditions change.

What should I see first at the Louvre?

Start with the work you care about most, then choose one department and one part of the palace. A strong first route might combine the Mona Lisa or another priority work, the Winged Victory of Samothrace or Venus de Milo, and the medieval Louvre foundations. Confirm every room against the live gallery schedule.

Where is the Mona Lisa in the Louvre?

The Mona Lisa is normally displayed in Room 711, the Salle des États, on Level 1 of the Denon wing. It does not require a separate ticket. Crowd controls and temporary room changes are possible, so check the current museum map on the day.

What is the best time to visit the Louvre?

Choose the earliest timed entry you can comfortably reach, or use the longer Wednesday and Friday opening hours. Neither choice guarantees an uncrowded museum. The practical advantage is more usable time and a clearer route, not a secret quiet period.

Is the Louvre worth visiting?

Yes, if its collections or palace interest you and you plan a limited route. It is not automatically the best museum for every traveler. Someone focused on Impressionism may prefer the Musée d'Orsay; someone with only an hour may find the Orangerie more satisfying. The Louvre rewards choosing rather than collecting names.

Can I bring a backpack into the Louvre?

A small backpack is allowed after security screening, but items larger than 55 × 35 × 20 centimeters are not permitted. Free lockers are available beneath the Pyramid and at Porte des Lions, subject to availability and earlier service limits at Porte des Lions. Do not bring a suitcase.

What is the Louvre Pyramid?

The glass pyramid in the Cour Napoléon, which serves as the museum's main entrance and as the roof of the underground reception hall connecting the Louvre's three wings. It is 21 metres high on a 35-metre base, and was inaugurated on 29 March 1989.

Who designed the Louvre Pyramid and when?

Ieoh Ming Pei, the Chinese-American architect, appointed in July 1983 as part of the Grand Louvre programme commissioned by President François Mitterrand in 1981. The Pyramid opened on 29 March 1989 after four years of construction.

How many glass panes does the Louvre Pyramid have?

675 diamond-shaped panes and 118 triangular ones — about 2,000 m² of 21 mm glazing, made by Saint-Gobain. Pei insisted on glass with no green tint so the palace façades stay visible through the structure. The often-repeated claim that it has 666 panes is not what the museum's own figures say.

Can you see the Louvre Pyramid without a ticket?

Yes. The Cour Napoléon is a public courtyard and free to walk into, so you can see and photograph the Pyramid without paying or queueing — including on Tuesdays and in the evening, when the museum itself is shut. A ticket is only needed to go down through it into the museum.

Is the Louvre accessible to wheelchair users?

The Louvre provides free admission and priority access to disabled visitors and one accompanying person with supporting documents. The Pyramid has a central tube lift, and wheelchairs, canes, folding stools and other equipment are available free from the assistance area. Some rooms may still be closed, so check the accessible route and live room schedule before arrival.

Art and film tied to this place

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa: Lisa Gherardini seated with folded hands before a winding blue-green landscape, looking toward the viewer with a slight smile

On display here

Mona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci · 1503–1519

The live Louvre collection record places the painting in Room 711, the Salle des États, Denon wing, Level 1. It is kept in a temperature- and humidity-controlled protective case.

Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa: dead and living shipwreck survivors crowded on a timber raft, rising toward a Black man who waves cloth at a tiny rescue ship on the horizon

On display here

The Raft of the Medusa

Théodore Géricault · 1818–1819

The live Louvre collection record places the painting in Room 700, the Salle Mollien, in the Denon wing on Level 1.

Ingres's Grande Odalisque: a reclining nude seen from behind on blue silk, turning her head over her shoulder, holding a peacock fan

On display here

Grande Odalisque

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres · 1814

In the Louvre's collection since 1899, and hung with the museum's great nineteenth-century French paintings.

Canova's marble of winged Cupid holding the waking Psyche, her raised arms reaching to his head, on a rocky base

On display here

Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss

Antonio Canova · 1787–1793

In the Louvre since 1824, after Joachim Murat's collection passed to the museum; it stands in the Italian sculpture galleries of the Denon wing on the museum's masterpieces trail.

A very wide canvas in two halves. On the left a bearded man in red reaches down from a cloud with an eagle beneath him toward a laurel-crowned man in armor and a red cloak, who is held from behind by an old man raising a sickle. A group of pale figures sits in golden light above them. Below, a woman in white drapery stands with one arm over her head beside a suit of armor hung on a pole, a woman in gold sits on the ground with a palm branch, a serpent coils near a helmet, and a white greyhound stands at the bottom center. On the right a woman in black widow's dress and veil sits on a throne under a dark canopy. A helmeted figure in blue with gold fleurs-de-lis kneels and offers her a globe, a woman beside the throne holds a long rudder, a woman in green flies in above, a helmeted figure with a shield stands behind, and men in ruffs kneel on the steps reaching up

On display here

The Apotheosis of Henri IV and the Proclamation of the Regency

Peter Paul Rubens · 1622–1625

The Louvre's collection record places the canvas in Room 801, the Galerie Médicis, in the Richelieu wing, where the whole Marie de' Medici cycle has hung together since 1993. It was the central painting of the gallery's end wall at the Luxembourg Palace, and the Louvre's hang keeps it at the end of the room.

A very wide canvas of a coronation inside a church. Right of center a woman kneels with joined hands in a blue and white gown and an ermine mantle that spreads down the steps behind her, while a bald, bearded man in a gold cope lowers a crown onto her head with a cardinal in a red hat at his shoulder. Bishops in gold mitres stand beside him and two cardinals in red robes stand at the far right beside tall candles. A boy in white with a blue sash stands beside the kneeling woman, seen from behind. Far above, a man in a black hat and white ruff leans on the balustrade of a tribune. Two winged figures fly in at the top center pouring gold coins from a cornucopia. Women in white ruffs and ermine-lined robes fill the left, with rows of spectators and a Gothic window behind them. Two black and white dogs sit on a fleur-de-lis carpet at the bottom right

On display here

The Coronation in Saint-Denis

Peter Paul Rubens · 1622–1625

The Louvre's collection record places the canvas in Room 801, the Galerie Médicis, in the Richelieu wing, where the whole Marie de' Medici cycle has hung together since 1993. At more than seven metres wide it is one of the three end-wall paintings, and the Louvre's 1900 Rubens room was too small to show it with the rest of the series.

A tall canvas crowded with figures. At the center a woman in a silver-white embroidered gown and tall lace collar steps from a gilded galley onto a gangway, flanked by two women in dark dresses. A helmeted figure in a blue cloak covered in gold fleurs-de-lis reaches toward her from the right. Above, a winged woman flies across a grey sky blowing two trumpets. At the upper left a crowned shield with six balls hangs on the galley's stern under a red awning, and a man in black armor with a white cross stands on the deck. The lower third is water, where three naked women with pearls in their hair pull on ropes beside a raised trident, a grey-haired sea god seen from behind, and a red-faced figure blowing a conch shell

On display here

The Disembarkation at Marseilles

Peter Paul Rubens · 1622–1625

The Louvre's collection record places the canvas in Room 801, the Galerie Médicis, in the Richelieu wing, where the whole Marie de' Medici cycle has hung together since 1993. The cycle reached the Louvre from the Luxembourg Palace in 1790 and has been shown there continuously since 1816, first in the Grande Galerie.

A tall canvas set in a dark rocky grotto with a waterfall at the back and a red curtain drawn across the top left. A god in a winged helmet dives head first from the top center with white cloth streaming behind him. At the left a laurel-crowned young man in red drapery plays a bass viol with a bow. Beside him a goddess in a dark plumed helmet and a blue and gold robe guides the hand of a girl in a rose dress who bends over a book. At the right three naked women stand with their arms around each other, the nearest holding a small garland over the girl's head. On the ground lie a lute, a second stringed instrument, a dark oval plaque with a bearded face, a marble head on its side and a palette with brushes

On display here

The Education of the Princess

Peter Paul Rubens · 1622–1625

The Louvre's collection record, which titles the canvas L'Instruction de la reine, places it in Room 801, the Galerie Médicis, in the Richelieu wing, where the whole Marie de' Medici cycle has hung together since 1993. The cycle reached the Louvre from the Luxembourg Palace in 1790 and has been shown there continuously since 1816.

A tall canvas. At the right a bald, grey-bearded man in gold-chased armor and a red sash leans on a long staff and looks at a small portrait of a woman in a lace collar, held up in a black frame by a winged youth with flowers in his hair. A red-haired winged child points at the portrait. Behind the man stands a helmeted woman in a blue cloak covered in gold fleurs-de-lis with a hand on his shoulder. Above, on clouds, a bearded man wrapped in red sits beside a woman in gold whose peacock spreads its tail. An eagle hangs in the top left corner and a gilded chariot stands at the right. At the bottom two winged children play with a helmet and a large shield in front of a flat green landscape with distant smoke

On display here

The Presentation of Her Portrait to Henri IV

Peter Paul Rubens · 1622–1625

The Louvre's collection record places the canvas in Room 801, the Galerie Médicis, in the Richelieu wing, where the whole Marie de' Medici cycle has hung together since 1993. The cycle reached the Louvre from the Luxembourg Palace in 1790 and has been shown there continuously since 1816, first in the Grande Galerie.

Related books

Cover of The Big Sea by Langston Hughes

Recalled in the memoir

The Big Sea

Langston Hughes · 1940

The memoir recalls Hughes warming himself here on his first Paris morning and privately asking the Greek statues for encouragement.

Writers who knew this place

Illustrated portrait of Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes

American · American poet at the center of the Harlem Renaissance. He spent most of 1924 in Montmartre, washing dishes at the Grand Duc nightclub, and told the story in his memoir The Big Sea.

Visited by · 1924

On his first morning in Paris, Hughes came in from the wet snow, looked at the Venus de Milo and the Greek statues, and took courage from their long survival in the city.

— Langston Hughes, The Big Sea (1940), Montmartre chapter

Illustrated portrait of Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens

English · The most popular English novelist of the nineteenth century, who was never a Paris resident in the ordinary sense but kept coming back for twenty-five years: one winter in a rented mansion on the rue de Courcelles, a second winter on the Champs-Élysées writing Little Dorrit, repeated compulsive visits to the Paris Morgue — the riverside building where the city displayed its unidentified dead to the public — and a novel of the French Revolution, A Tale of Two Cities, that has shaped how English readers picture Paris ever since.

Visited by · 1847

The Louvre was one stop on the fortnight of sightseeing Dickens and John Forster made in January 1847, alongside prisons, palaces, hospitals, theatres, the Morgue, Versailles, Saint-Cloud and the sites of the Revolution of 1789.

— John Forster, The Life of Charles Dickens, Vols. I–III, Complete (1874), Book V, Paris 1846–47

Illustrated portrait of Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass

American · American abolitionist — a campaigner for the abolition of slavery — orator and newspaper publisher, born into slavery in Maryland in 1818, who escaped north in 1838 and spent the next half-century arguing for Black citizenship in books, newspapers and federal office. In 1859 the American minister in London, the senior United States diplomat in Britain, refused him a passport for France on the ground that he was not a citizen of the country he had been born in: American law at the time held that no Black person could be one. The French minister in London issued him a permit to enter France at once. Twenty-seven years later he reached Paris anyway, aged sixty-eight, and spent weeks in its galleries.

Visited by · 1886–1887

The 1892 Life and Times says only that Douglass spent "days and weeks in her charming art galleries" and names none of them. The Louvre is named in his own voice five years earlier, in the two Washington addresses on his foreign travels he gave in December 1887, where he says he viewed its collections repeatedly — and where the church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois opposite it is a fixed point he says he never passed without stopping. He was in Paris in the winter of 1886–87, aged sixty-eight, on his first journey to the European continent — the continent an American minister in London had refused him a passport for in 1859 on the ground that he was not a citizen. The same passage names the Luxembourg alongside the Louvre; that is the Musée du Luxembourg, the palace gallery of living French artists, and not the Jardin du Luxembourg, the garden beside it.

— Frederick Douglass, My Foreign Travels: Addresses Delivered in Washington, D.C., on 15 December 1887 and December 1887 (1887); Frederick Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself (New Revised Edition) (1892)

Illustrated portrait of George Eliot

George Eliot

English · Mary Ann Evans, who wrote Middlemarch under a man's name because she was living openly with another woman's husband and knew what English readers would do with that. Her mind was formed in French and German: she translated Strauss and Feuerbach before she wrote a line of fiction, and the sight she most wanted in Paris was not a monument but the flat where Auguste Comte had lived.

Visited by · 1859–1880

Twice over twenty-one years, and the two visits bracket her whole career. On 9 July 1859, breaking a journey to Switzerland with George Henry Lewes, she spent the day in the museum and recorded in her journal that Veronese's Marriage at Cana had converted her to high admiration of him. In May 1880, sixty years old and three weeks married to John Walter Cross, she spent the Paris leg of the honeymoon there: mornings at the Louvre or the Luxembourg looking at pictures and sculpture, afternoons walking in the Bois, evenings at the theatre. Cross, who wrote the account, noted that she had never in eleven years of acquaintance been so well. She died seven months later.

— George Eliot, edited by J. W. Cross, George Eliot's Life, as Related in Her Letters and Journals, Vol. 2 (1885), Journal, 9 July 1859; George Eliot, edited by J. W. Cross, George Eliot's Life, as Related in Her Letters and Journals, Vol. 3 (1885)

Illustrated portrait of Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe

American · The Connecticut minister's daughter whose anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) became the most explosive book of the nineteenth century and made her famous on two continents. In the summer of 1853 she came to Paris straight from a British tour that had mobbed her — and found, to her enormous relief, a city where nobody recognised her at all.

Visited by · 1853

Stowe reached Paris on 4 June 1853, a year after Uncle Tom's Cabin had made her one of the most recognised women in the world and straight from a British tour that had treated her as a public event. She lodged with American friends in the rue de Verneuil, in the Faubourg Saint-Germain, and the Louvre was her first request. In Letter XXXI of Sunny Memories she describes its paintings and antiquities and names the armless Greek statue then called the Venus de Milon as her favourite. The catalogue-led visits described in the interleaved journal are narrated by her brother Charles Beecher, whom the book's preface identifies as its author.

— Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands, Volume 2 (1854), Letter XXXI

Illustrated portrait of Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy

Russian · Russian novelist who wrote War and Peace and Anna Karenina, then renounced the life that produced them. He spent six weeks in Paris in 1857, and on one April morning went to watch a man beheaded in the street — an hour he said destroyed his belief in progress and in the state, and which he was still writing about twenty-two years later.

Visited by · 1857

Tolstoy names the Louvre himself. Writing to his friend the critic Vasily Botkin from Paris on 5 April 1857 — the day before he went to watch a public execution and left the city — he listed what was keeping him there. The museum heads the list. He was twenty-eight and on his first journey outside Russia; the visit belongs to the six happy weeks that the guillotine ended.

— Aylmer Maude, The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years (1911), Chapter VI, Travels Abroad; Leo Tolstoy, edited by Aylmer Maude and translated by Louise Maude, The Private Diary of Leo Tolstoy, 1853-1857 (1927)

Illustrated portrait of Nathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne

American · Author of The Scarlet Letter, who passed through Paris for one week in January 1858 on his way from the American consulate at Liverpool to Italy — and wrote it all down. He found the city more magnificent than London and colder than anything in America: "new, bright, magnificent, and desperately cold." He left saying he was quite tired of Paris and longed for home.

Visited by · 1858

Sunday 10 January 1858, from the Hôtel du Louvre across the street. He came for the master drawings, wearied of them, walked the sculpture galleries, and spent much of the visit watching the Sunday crowd instead.

— Nathaniel Hawthorne, Passages from the French and Italian Note-Books, Volume 1 (Project Gutenberg etext) (1871), Hotel de Louvre, January 10th [1858]

Illustrated portrait of Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American · American essayist and lecturer who spent four weeks in Paris in the summer of 1833, walked into the natural history museum at the Jardin des Plantes on 13 July, and wrote in his journal that day: "I will be a naturalist." The idea he took home from that room became Nature (1836), the founding book of American Transcendentalism.

Visited by · 1833

One of the free public institutions Emerson used during his four Paris weeks in 1833. He went for the pictures, found more Leonardos than in any gallery he knew, and discovered Murillo.

— Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1820–1872, Volume III (1833–1835), edited by Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes (1909), Paris, June–July 1833

People who knew this place

Illustrated portrait of Eugène Delacroix

Eugène Delacroix

French · Painter

In the early 1850s Delacroix painted the ceiling of the Galerie d'Apollon, the long gilded room built for Louis XIV — one of the state mural commissions that occupied the second half of his career. Liberty Leading the People hangs in the same building.

Illustrated portrait of Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Italian · Sculptor, Architect

Louis XIV brought Bernini from Rome in 1665 to design the unfinished east front of the Louvre, and gave him the palace's council chamber as a studio; marble for the king's portrait was carried up to it on 30 June 1665. The king laid the foundation stone of Bernini's design on 17 October 1665, with Bernini handing him the silver trowel. Nothing was built on those foundations: on 15 July 1667 Colbert wrote that the design would not go ahead, and the east front was given to a French committee of Charles Le Brun, Louis Le Vau and Claude Perrault, whose colonnade stands there now.

Illustrated portrait of Mary Cassatt

Mary Cassatt

American · Painter

Barred from the École des Beaux-Arts as a woman, Cassatt trained by copying old masters in the Louvre's galleries after arriving in Paris in 1866. Degas later drew her doing exactly that, in the print Mary Cassatt at the Louvre: The Paintings Gallery.

Illustrated portrait of Molière

Molière

French · Playwright, Actor

Returning to Paris in 1658 after roughly thirteen years touring the provinces, Molière played before the royal court at the Louvre — then a working royal palace, more than a century before it became a museum. The Comédie-Française dates his Paris career from that performance: it won the troupe Louis XIV's protection, a Paris theatre at the Petit-Bourbon, and the audience for everything he wrote afterwards.

Illustrated portrait of Edgar Degas

Edgar Degas

French · Painter

Degas registered as a copyist at the Louvre and studied the Italian Renaissance and other earlier masters there. He and Manet probably met in the galleries in 1859 while both were copying.

Illustrated portrait of Édouard Manet

Édouard Manet

French · Painter

Manet registered as a copyist at the Louvre. He and Degas probably met in the galleries in 1859 while both were copying paintings there.

Illustrated portrait of Berthe Morisot

Berthe Morisot

French · Painter

Morisot trained by copying paintings at the Louvre. It was there that she and her sister Edma met Edouard Manet in 1868.

Illustrated portrait of Vincent van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh

Dutch · Painter

Van Gogh spent his early Paris weeks in the Louvre studying the old masters and Delacroix's colour, groundwork for the change in his own palette over the following two years.

Illustrated portrait of Marc Chagall

Marc Chagall

French · Painter

Chagall studied in the Louvre after arriving in Paris in 1911, and always credited the city and its museums with the change from the darkness of his early Russian palette to colour.

Illustrated portrait of Paul Cézanne

Paul Cézanne

French · Painter

Cezanne studied and copied in the Louvre repeatedly across his Paris years, working from Delacroix, Rubens and the Venetians.

Illustrated portrait of Camille Pissarro

Camille Pissarro

French · Painter

Pissarro registered as an official copyist at the Louvre in 1861 and studied the collection repeatedly during his early Paris years.

Illustrated portrait of Balthus

Balthus

French · Painter

As a young painter, Balthus studied the Old Masters in the Louvre; the museum training helped form the measured spaces and firm outlines of his mature work.

Art & literary movement · c. 1790–1850

Romanticism was seen here first

The argument that feeling, imagination and freedom belong at the centre of art rather than at its edges — settled in Paris, in the 1830s, in a theatre riot and at the Salon.

Enter the movement

Art movement and historical period · circa 1600–1750

Baroque Art was seen here first

The seventeenth-century style of dramatic light, twisting movement and direct address to the viewer — Caravaggio and Bernini in Rome, Rembrandt and Vermeer in the Dutch Republic, Velázquez in Madrid, Poussin in Paris and Rome.

Enter the movement

Within walking distance

References

References

The sources below include histories, archival materials, scholarly research, and official records that informed this page. They document Musée du Louvre, the people connected to it, and its place in Paris.

  1. 1abHours & Admission: Tickets and Prices

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  2. 2abVisit: Everything You Need to Know Before Visiting the Museum

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  3. 3abThe Louvre’s Masterpieces: Visitor Trail

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  4. 4abcMap, Entrances & Directions: All Roads Lead to the Louvre

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  5. 5↑From the Mona Lisa to The Wedding Feast at Cana — the Salle des États

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  6. 6↑List of Available Galleries: Schedule of Open Rooms

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  7. 7abThe Palace and its Collections

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2016
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  1. 8abThe Louvre Pyramid Turns 30

    Website
    Espace presse du musée du Louvre, 2019
    Used for

    The museum's press dossier for the Pyramid's thirtieth anniversary: dimensions, pane counts, the Saint-Gobain glazing, the frame weights, Pei's 1983 appointment and the 29 March 1989 inauguration.

    View source
  2. 9abA pyramid for a symbol — Cour Napoléon & Pyramid

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    The Louvre on the Pyramid as the palace's central entrance and on Pei's insistence on completely transparent glass.

    View source
  3. 10abA transparent controversy…

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    The museum's own account of the opposition the Pyramid met before it was built.

    View source
  4. 11abcThe Big Sea

    Memoir
    Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1940
    Used for

    First-person evidence and historical context used in preparing the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  5. 12↑Accessibility: Plan Your Visit

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  6. 13↑Visitor Amenities: Everything You Need to Enjoy the Louvre

    Website
    Musée du Louvre, 2026
    Used for

    Web source consulted for documented facts and historical context presented on the Musée du Louvre page.

    View source
  7. 14OpenStreetMap

    Map data
    Used for

    Map data used to verify addresses, geographic coordinates, and the placement associated with Musée du Louvre.

    View source
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Why these sources are here

These references provide the documented foundation for this page's history and context. Claim-level citations remain attached to the specific claims they support.

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