by Salvador Dalí, Edward James
A working 1930s telephone with a painted plaster lobster fitted over its receiver, designed by Dalí for the patron Edward James and fabricated by Green & Abbott. Eleven lobster receivers turned a Surrealist image into a functional household object.
A standard British telephone of the 1930s has a painted plaster lobster fitted over its receiver. The lobster is hollow underneath and has an opening at the tail for the cord, so the telephone remains functional. To answer, a user lifts the lobster and brings it to the ear.
The physical encounter is important. A familiar household action now involves the weight, claws, and segmented body of a crustacean. The irrational pairing enters touch, use, and domestic routine rather than remaining confined to an image.
The object was made for Edward James, the English poet and collector who became Dalí's principal patron in the later 1930s. The National Galleries of Scotland records eleven lobster receivers for telephones in James's London house and at West Dean in Sussex: seven white and four red.
The museum credits Dalí and James together. Dalí supplied the design and recurring imagery. James commissioned the functional objects and provided the domestic settings in which they were used.
The lobster receivers were made by Green & Abbott, a London decorating and design firm. Surviving correspondence and an invoice document practical questions of casting, fitting, color, and payment.
That record prevents the object from being reduced to a single flash of inspiration. It was a collaboration among an artist, a patron, and skilled fabricators who converted a drawing and staged experiment into a repeatable working object.
Lobsters and telephones already appeared in Dalí's imagery. In a 1935 drawing, a telephone and lobster share the same scene. In 1936 he reportedly placed a live lobster on a red telephone for James, turning the visual association into a temporary object before plaster versions were fabricated.
The curved lobster tail occupies the part of the receiver held near the mouth. Dalí called an exhibited version Aphrodisiac Telephone, making the erotic suggestion explicit without fixing the object to a single symbolic code.
The National Galleries places Lobster Telephone within Surrealist object sculpture, a practice that brought unrelated found and fabricated things together in three dimensions. Like collage, the method preserves the identity of each component while creating a new relationship between them.
The telephone remains legible as modern communications technology and the lobster remains anatomically recognizable. Their incompatibility is the source of the work. Nothing needs to melt or transform because ordinary objects have already been rearranged into an impossible function.
Surrealism sought encounters that would disrupt rational habit and expose desire, fear, or humor within everyday life. Lobster Telephone brought that ambition out of painting and poetry and into a patron's interior.
Its status as a working appliance matters. The piece was furniture, sculpture, joke, and provocation at once. It helped establish a route from Surrealist imagery into design, fashion, and collectible objects.
All eleven began in James's collection and later passed to the foundation he established at West Dean. Examples entered collections in several countries. The National Galleries' object is one of the white versions, sometimes called White Aphrodisiac Telephone.
When it faced export in 2018, the United Kingdom placed a temporary bar on its departure. The National Galleries of Scotland then acquired it with support from the Art Fund. James had been born near North Berwick, giving the Scottish acquisition a direct biographical connection.
Lobster Telephone is one of the clearest examples of Dalí's ideas surviving a change of medium. The precise dream image became a usable object through patronage and fabrication, without losing its discomfort or humor.
It also makes the people around the artwork visible. Edward James was not merely an owner after the fact, and Green & Abbott were not invisible hands. Commission, design, manufacture, domestic use, and museum acquisition all belong to the object's history.
1935
Dalí made a New York drawing that paired a lobster with a telephone.
1936
A live lobster was placed on a red telephone for Edward James, translating the drawing into a temporary object.
1938
A lobster telephone was shown in Paris at the Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme as Aphrodisiac Telephone.
1938
Green & Abbott made eleven lobster receivers for James's London and West Sussex telephones: seven white and four red.
2018
The National Galleries of Scotland acquired this white version after a temporary UK export bar. Accession GMA 5623.
A Surrealist object of 1938: a working telephone fitted with a painted plaster lobster, so the lobster is lifted to speak. Dalí designed it for Edward James, and Green & Abbott fabricated the receivers.
Yes. The lobster is hollow, with a hole in the tail for the cord, and sits over a standard receiver of the period, so the phone functioned normally. The Surrealist point was to put the irrational inside an object in daily use.
Both appeared in his 1930s imagery. Their shapes and associations create an erotic and comic disturbance, made explicit in the alternative title Aphrodisiac Telephone. The pairing developed from drawing to a live-lobster experiment and then to fabricated objects.
Green & Abbott, a London decorating and design firm. Correspondence and an invoice document their role in casting, fitting, and finishing Dalí's design for Edward James.
It works like a three-dimensional collage, joining recognizable but incompatible objects and placing the irrational inside ordinary domestic use. It is a major example of Surrealist object sculpture.
Eleven, cast in 1938 for Edward James's telephones in London and West Sussex — seven left white and four painted red. Examples are now in museums in several countries.
The English poet and collector who was Dalí's principal patron in the 1930s, buying most of what Dalí made under a 1936 contract. The Lobster Telephone and the Mae West Lips Sofa were made for his houses. He has his own page here.
The National Galleries of Scotland, accession GMA 5623, on display at Modern One at the last check of the museum's record. It was bought for the nation in 2018 after a UK export bar.
Associated with · 1938
Dalí first showed a lobster telephone at the Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme in Paris in January 1938, as Aphrodisiac Telephone. It is the movement's idea of the irrational erupting inside an everyday object, made literal in a working phone.
